Compile Ruby interpreter with -Wl,--no-as-needed LDFLAGS

Debian bullseye patched `ld` to default to `--as-needed`, but this can
cause issues with jemalloc (https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18409).

Raspberry Pi builds may also need to link in libatomic to support
armv6 platforms, and `--as-needed` causes this dependency to be
dropped in the shared libraries used in C extensions. This causes
missing symbols during runtime.

These flags can be dropped after Ruby 3.0.4 (https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/4631).

Relates to https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/-/merge_requests/6235